Efforts were also made to decentralize planning and improve the managerial skills of government officials. The more modest goals of the Third Five-Year Plan (1981–1985) were a compromise between ideological and pragmatic factions they emphasized the development of agriculture and industry. īetween 19, for annual growth rates for industry, agriculture, and national income and aimed to integrate the North and the South, the plan's aims were not achieved: the economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, unemployment, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and consumer goods. Across Vietnam, the situation was worsened by the country's 3 million military and civilian deaths and its later exodus of 2.1 million refugees, including tens of thousands of professionals, intellectuals, technicians, and skilled workers. Second Indochina War (commonly known as the Vietnam War) seriously strained Vietnam's economy. When the North and South were divided politically in 1954, they also adopted different economic ideologies: communism in the North and capitalism in the South. Though the plan exaggerated regional divisions, the development of exports- coal from the North, rice from the South-and the importation of French manufactured goods stimulated internal commerce. However, French colonizers deliberately developed the regions differently, designating the South for agricultural production and the North for manufacturing. Until French colonization in the middle of the 19th century, the economy of Vietnam was mainly agrarian and village-oriented.
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